Microbial communities enmeshed in a matrix of macromolecules, termed as biofilms, are the
natural setting of bacteria. Exopolysaccharide is a critical matrix component of biofilms …

Despite efforts to develop new antibiotics, antibacterial resistance still develops too fast for
drug discovery to keep pace. Often, resistance against a new drug develops even before it …

Drug resistance by pathogenic microbes has emerged as a matter of great concern to
mankind. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi employ multiple defense mechanisms …

Urinary catheters are common medical devices, whose main function is to drain the bladder.
Although they improve patients' quality of life, catheter placement predisposes the patient to …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, designated by the
World Health Organization as a critical priority for development of new therapeutics due to …

Implanted medical devices such as central venous catheters are highly susceptible to
microbial colonization and biofilm formation and are a major risk factor for nosocomial …

Biofilm has been a point of concern in hospitals and various industries. They not only cause
various chronic infections but are also responsible for the degradation of various medical …

Bacteria exist in colonies as aggregates or associated with surfaces forming biofilms rather
than planktonic cells. Living in such a unique manner is always mediated via a matrix of …

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the main causes for the failure of joint
arthroplasty. In view of the limited clinical effect of oral/injectable antibiotics and the drug …

Medical device-associated infections are an ongoing problem. Once an implant is infected,
bacteria create a complex community on the surface known as a biofilm, protecting the …