Background Cell culture technology has spread prolifically within a century, a variety of
culture media has been designed. This review goes through the history, characteristics and …

Oocytes and preimplantation embryos require careful regulation of the redox environment
for optimal development both in vivo and in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are …

In brief Reactive oxygen species are generated throughout the pre-implantation period and
are necessary for normal embryo formation. However, at pathological levels, they result in …

STUDY QUESTION Is it important that end-users know the composition of human embryo
culture media? SUMMARY ANSWER We argue that there is as strong case for full …

Abstract l-lactate is an essential metabolite present in embryonic cell culture. Changes of
this important metabolite during the growth of human embryo reflect the quality and viability …

Early stages of mammalian embryonic development are now known to be very sensitive to
their microenvironment, with long term effects on fetal, postnatal, and adult health, thus …

Extensive evidence suggests that soluble ligands and their receptors mediate human
preimplantation embryo development and implantation. Progress in this complex area has …

With increased use of comprehensive chromosome screening (CCS), the question remains
as to why some practices do not experience the same high levels of clinical success after …

The first crucial step in the developmental program occurs during pre-implantation, the time
after the oocyte has been fertilized and before the embryo implants in the uterus. This period …

STUDY QUESTION Does embryo culture medium influence pregnancy and perinatal
outcome in IVF? SUMMARY ANSWER Embryo culture media used in IVF affect treatment …