BACKGROUND Micronutrient deficiencies have been associated with significantly high
reproductive risks, ranging from infertility to fetal structural defects and long-term diseases. In …

Physiological levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important regulatory role
through various signaling transduction pathways in folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation …

Early-stage mammalian embryos develop in a low O2 environment (hypoxia). hES cells,
however, are generally cultured under an atmosphere of 21% O2 (normoxia), under which …

Embryonic cells before implantation are exposed to a hypoxic condition and dependent on
anaerobic metabolism. Human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) derived from pre-implantation …

Many factors affect development of mammalian preimplantation embryos in vitro. It is well
known that in vitro development of bovine embryos is highly affected by culture condition …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a role in the modulation of gamete quality and gamete
interaction. Generation of ROS is inherent in spermatozoa and contaminating leukocytes …

Human reproduction is not considered a highly efficient biological process. Before the end of
the first trimester, 30%–50% of conceptions end in spontaneous abortion. Most losses occur …

After in vitro maturation and fertilization of porcine oocytes, the fertilized embryos were
cultured under 5 or 20% oxygen (O2) for 7 days. In embryos cultured under 5% O2 versus …

Context Edible mushrooms have a long history of use in traditional Chinese or Japanese
medicine. Coprinus comatus (OF Müll.) Pers.(Agaricaceae) contains antioxidant and …

The preimplantation mammalian embryo from different species appears sensitive to the
environment in which it develops, either in vitro or in vivo, for example, in response to culture …