Cathepsin B (CTSB) is a powerful lysosomal protease. This review evaluated CTSB gene
knockout (KO) outcomes for amelioration of brain dysfunctions in neurologic diseases and …

Mostly known as “the stress hormone”, cortisol has many essential functions in humans due
to its involvement in regulation of blood pressure, immune system, metabolism of protein …

Management of patient sedation and analgesia to alleviate anxiety and pain and facilitate
mechanical ventilation is one of the key roles of every intensivist. During the coronavirus …

Opioids are used for pain management despite the side effects that contribute to the opioid
crisis. The pursuit of non-addictive opioid analgesics remains unattained due to the …

Haemodynamic, metabolic, and biochemical derangements in critically ill patients affect
drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics making dose optimisation particularly …

Significance: Burns are debilitating, life threatening, and difficult to assess and manage.
Recent advances in assessment and management have occurred since a comprehensive …

Repeated exposure to opioids causes tolerance, which limits their analgesic utility and
contributes to overdose and abuse liability. However, the molecular mechanisms …

Opioids are considered the most effective analgesics for the treatment of both acute and
chronic pain. However, prolonged opioid use can induce a certain level of tolerance to its …

Opioids remain an essential part of the treatment of chronic pain. However, their use and
increasing rates of misuse are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The …

In the present article, we argue that individuals with chronic pain on chronic opioids can
develop a complex refractory dependence syndrome which we define here as Opioid …