Cardiac pacing is the only effective treatment for patients with sick sinus syndrome and
atrioventricular conduction disorders. In cardiac pacing, the endocardial pacing lead is …

Prolongation of QRS (≥ 120 ms) occurs in 14% to 47% of heart failure (HF) patients. Left
bundle branch block is far more common than right bundle branch block. Left-sided …

Background Previous studies have suggested that cardiac resynchronization achieved
through atrial-synchronized biventricular pacing produces clinical benefits in patients with …

European Heart House, headquarters of the ESC. Any changes in conflict of interest that
arise during the writing period must be notified to the ESC. The Task Force report was …

Background—Although dual-chamber pacing improves cardiac function in patients with
complete congenital atrioventricular block (CCAVB) by restoring physiological heart rate and …

Background One third of chronic heart failure patients have major intraventricular conduction
and uncoordinated ventricular contraction. Non-controlled studies suggest that biventricular …

bar is shortened or lengthened relative to its original length (ie, reduction to half its original
length is 50% strain, and an increase to one third longer is 33% strain). Strain rate is the …

Left or biventricular (BiV) pacing, or cardiac resynchronization therapy, was proposed nearly
10 years ago as an adjunctive treatment for patients with advanced heart failure (HF) …

Background—The present study examined pacing site–dependent changes in QT interval
and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) and their potential role in the …

Abnormal conduction and improper electrical impulse propagation are common in heart
after myocardial infarction (MI). The scar tissue is non-conductive therefore the electrical …