Biological systems have evolved over billions of years to develop wetting strategies for
advantageous structure–property–performance relations that are crucial for their survival …

Background Systematic reviewers often encounter incomplete or missing data, and the
information desired may be difficult to obtain from a study author. Thus, systematic reviewers …

Smart adhesives that can be applied and removed on demand play an important role in
modern life and manufacturing. However, current smart adhesives made of elastomers suffer …

Reversible adhesion is the key functionality to grip, place, and release objects
nondestructively. Inspired by nature, micropatterned dry adhesives are promising …

Soft robotics, an emerging field that focuses on the development of robots utilizing soft,
flexible, and deformable materials, is revolutionizing traditional robotics (reliant on rigid …

Animal performance fundamentally influences behaviour, ecology, and evolution. It typically
varies monotonously with size. A notable exception is maximum running speed; the fastest …

Physical principles and laws determine the set of possible organismal phenotypes.
Constraints arising from development, the environment, and evolutionary history then yield …

Few advanced mechanics of materials solutions have found broader and more enduring
applications than Emil Winkler's beam on elastic foundation analysis, first published in 1867 …

Tree frogs have the remarkable ability to attach to smooth, rough, dry, and wet surfaces
using their versatile toe pads. Tree frog attachment involves the secretion of mucus into the …

With millions of years of natural evolution, organisms have achieved sophisticated
structures, patterns or textures with complex, spontaneous multifunctionality. Among all the …