The representation of contextual information peripheral to a salient stimulus is central to an
animal's ability to correctly interpret and flexibly respond to that stimulus. While the …

Background There is a growing literature from both epidemiologic and experimental animal
studies suggesting that exposure to air pollution can lead to neurodevelopmental and …

In most animals, a relatively small number of descending neurons (DNs) connect higher
brain centers in the animal's head to circuits and motor neurons (MNs) in the nerve cord of …

Identified neuron classes in vertebrate cortical [1–4] and subcortical [5–8] areas and
invertebrate peripheral [9–11] and central [12–14] brain neuropils encode specific visual …

To survive, animals must convert sensory information into appropriate behaviours,. Vision is
a common sense for locating ethologically relevant stimuli and guiding motor responses …

Terrestrial locomotion requires animals to coordinate their limb movements to efficiently
traverse their environment. While previous studies in hexapods have reported that limb …

An approaching predator and self-motion toward an object can generate similar looming
patterns on the retina, but these situations demand different rapid responses. How central …

To perform most behaviors, animals must send commands from higher-order processing
centers in the brain to premotor circuits that reside in ganglia distinct from the brain, such as …

In the natural world, animals make decisions on an ongoing basis, continuously selecting
which action to undertake next. In the lab, however, the neural bases of decision processes …

Highlights•Behavioral decisions require interactions between regions throughout the fly
brain.•Three paths convey distinct visual information to central brain areas.•Optic glomeruli …