The higher-order theory (HOT) of consciousness has often been misunderstood by critics.
Here, we clarify its position on several issues, and distinguish it from other views, such as …

Research on defensive behaviour in mammals has in recent years focused on elicited
reactions; however, organisms also make active choices when responding to danger. We …

Invertebrate animals are frequently lumped into a single category and denied welfare
protections despite their considerable cognitive, behavioral, and evolutionary diversity …

There exists an undeniable chasm between the capacities of humans and those of animals.
Our minds have spawned civilizations and technologies that have changed the face of the …

Assumptions on the neural basis of cognition usually focus on cortical mechanisms. Birds
have no cortex, but recent studies in parrots and corvids show that their cognitive skills are …

The philosophy of animal minds addresses profound questions about the nature of mind and
the relationships between humans and other animals. In this fully revised and updated …

What is animal welfare? Why has it proved so difficult to find a definition that everyone can
agree on? This concise and accessible guide is for anyone who is interested in animals and …

The prospect of machine consciousness cultivates controversy across media, academia,
and industry. Assessing whether non-experts perceive technologies as conscious, and …

Experimental and observational data about the complexity and versatility of animal cognition
have been reported and discussed extensively since the subject was reviewed in the first …

Adjusting communication to take into account information available to one's audience is
routine in humans but is assumed absent in other animals, representing a recent …