Objectives The effects of pre-emptive infusion of ketamine–lidocaine with tramadol on the
suppression of central sensitization were investigated in a dog ovariohysterectomy model …

Background Multimodal analgesia consists of the combination of analgesic drugs at low
doses to act in different places along the path of pain. Studies with continuous infusion of …

Background The analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of ketamine, fentanyl, or ketamine-
fentanyl constant rate infusion (CRI) in dogs undergoing mastectomy were evaluated …

Materials and methods Animals and treatment groups The study was approved by Texas
A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (TAMU) Institutional Animal …

There has been considerable interest in the area of acute pain management over recent
years, focusing on pain assessment, pharmacological and non-pharmacological …

The sparing effects of tramadol and tramadol-lidocaine infusion on the minimum alveolar
concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in dogs as well as the entropy indices were investigated …

The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative analgesic and antioxidant effects of
butorphanol given in the preoperative or early postoperative period. Twenty-seven healthy …

Objective To evaluate whether intratesticular and incisional ropivacaine infiltration produces
sufficient intra-and postoperative analgesia for castrating dogs under sedation. Study design …

Objectives This study investigated the effects of 1 μg/kg/h intravenous constant rate infusion
(CRI) of dexmedetomidine on the sensory and motor blockade for femoral and sciatic nerve …

Simple Summary Appropriate pain management, particularly when large tissue is removed,
allows for better recovery during the postoperative period. The analgesic effects of regional …