The involvement of estrogen and its receptors in the development of cancer has been known
for years. However, the exact mechanism responsible is far from clear. The estrogen …

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide, and annually it
causes over 150,000 deaths in Europe and 700,000 deaths globally. The incidence of …

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule and
accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies. The RCC incidence rate increases …

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has increased rapidly during the past
4 decades in many Western populations, including North America and Europe. The …

Background The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is markedly higher in women
than men during the reproductive years. In vitro studies have suggested that estrogen may …

Context—A new class of estrogen receptors was discovered in 1996 and named estrogen
receptor β (ER-B); the traditional estrogen receptor, which until a little more than 10 years …

A protective effect of female sex hormones has been suggested to explain the male
predominance in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma, but evidence is lacking. We …

Background Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA)
are characterized by a strong male predominance. Concentrations of sex steroid hormones …

BACKGROUND: The rapidly rising incidence and the striking male predominance are as yet
unexplained features of oesophageal and gastric junction adenocarcinoma. Few and …

Objective Inconsistent findings from observational studies have prolonged the controversy
over the effects of history of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the risk of esophageal cancer (EC) …