The mechanisms of two programmed cell death pathways, autophagy, and apoptosis, are
extensively focused areas of research in the context of cancer. Both the catabolic pathways …

Nanotechnology is a growing field, with many potential biomedical applications of
nanomedicine for the treatment of different diseases, particularly cancer, on the horizon …

The prognosis with pancreatic cancer is among the poorest of any human cancer. One of the
important factors is the tumor hypoxia. Targeting tumor hypoxia is considered a desirable …

Adaptation to the loss of O2 is regulated via the activity of hypoxia-inducible factors such as
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 acts as a main transcriptional mediator in the …

Abstract A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) is a cell membrane protein, which has been found to
be overexpressed in a large number of cancer types. This receptor plays an important role in …

Objective To summarize the structure, regulatory mechanism, and target genes of hypoxia-
inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and to comprehensively expound its role in various chronic …

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency caused by various intra‐
and extrapulmonary injury factors. Presently, excessive inflammation in the lung and the …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) corresponds to a complex and dynamic interconnection
between the extracellular matrix and malignant cells and their surrounding stroma …

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has become a hopeful potential treatment strategy for large
bone defects, including bone tumors, trauma, and extensive fractures, where the self-healing …

Cancer is identified as second leading causes of death and imposes a significant
psychological and economic burden on societies. Due to its high prevalence, and a main …