Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in mammalian growth, development,
aging, and diseases. Aberrant IGFs signaling may lead to malignant transformation and …

The HER3 protein, that belongs to the ErbB/HER receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, is
expressed in several types of tumors. That fact, together with the role of HER3 in promoting …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the highest incidence/death ratios
among all neoplasms due to its late diagnosis and dominant chemoresistance. Most PDAC …

Importance The development of oncology drugs is expensive and beset by a high attrition
rate. Analysis of the costs and causes of translational failure may help to reduce attrition and …

Chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells may be caused by the expansion of inherently
resistant cancer cells or by the adaptive plasticity of initially sensitive cancer cells. We …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a solid malignant tumor with a very low
operative rate and a poor patient prognosis. Therefore, gemcitabine (GEM)-based …

Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies across the world, which
is due to delayed diagnosis and resistance to current therapies. The interactions between …

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play important roles in cell growth, motility, differentiation,
and survival. These single-pass membrane proteins are grouped into subfamilies based on …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment
(TME). In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) could be …

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays important roles in cancer development and
metastasis. The type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) is a key member in the IGF axis and has long …