Introduction Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 (TLR7 and TLR8) are endosomal immune receptors
that initiate an innate immune response and can facilitate activation of the adaptive immune …

Colonization of the gut in early life can be altered through multiple environmental factors.
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), a mixture of …

TLR7 and TLR8 are key members of the Toll-like receptor family, playing crucial roles in the
signaling pathways of innate immunity, and thus become attractive therapeutic targets of …

Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) agonists are promising for use in modulating immune
responses in clinical settings characterized by immune immaturity or deficiency. β-Glucans …

Viral infections are often accompanied by pulmonary microvascular leakage and vascular
endothelial dysfunction via mechanisms that are not completely defined. Here, we …

Background: Endothelial expression of membrane-bound fractalkine/CX3CL1 (Fkn)
reportedly acts as a strong mediator of inflammation. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) axes are …

This manuscript presents the results of an exploratory study on the relationships between NF-
κB response through Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation by dust characterized by fungal …

Highlights•Adenovirus infections in immunosuppressed patients.•Drug discovery against
adenovirus.•Screening and evaluation methodologies for drug discovery.•Viral and host …

Shrimp farming is considered the fastest growing aquaculture industry in the last decades,
with an average growth in production of~ 15% per year. Unfortunately, this industry has …

Respiratory virus infections initiate and transmit from the upper respiratory tract (URT).
Coronaviruses, including OC43, are a major cause of respiratory infection and disease …