Astrocytes, glial cells of the central nervous system, help to regulate neural circuit operation
and adaptation. They exhibit complex forms of chemical excitation, most prominently calcium …

The hippocampus is critical for spatial navigation. In this review, we focus on the role of the
hippocampus in three basic strategies used for spatial navigation: path integration, stimulus …

Elevated glucocorticoid level in the early postnatal period is associated with glucocorticoid
therapy prescribed at preterm delivery most often has severe long-lasting …

Objective We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the
antiinflammatory effects of various VNS methods while exploring multiple antiinflammatory …

The neural mechanisms of sleep, a fundamental biological behavior from invertebrates to
humans, have been a long-standing mystery and present an enormous challenge …

Abstract Background Amino acids (AAs) metabolism profiles in brain play a pivotal role in
cerebral ischemia (CI), which is a complex, spatial and temporal event. NaoXinTong …

Objective The purpose of this study was to study mechanisms of VNS modulation from a
single neuron perspective utilizing a practical observation platform with single neuron …

This review explores several rarely discussed examples illustrating constructivism
principles, generative and selective features of neuronal regulation of behaviour. First, the …

The brain neuromodulatory systems heavily influence behavioral and cognitive processes.
Previous work has shown that norepinephrine (NE), a classic neuromodulator mainly …

The cerebral cortex is closely associated with learning and memory, and fluoride is capable
of inducing cortical toxicity, but its mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the …