Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics
that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic …

Pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis, which are the most well-studied
regulated cell death (RCD) pathways, contribute to the clearance of infected or potentially …

Most clinically applied cancer immunotherapies rely on the ability of CD8+ cytolytic T cells to
directly recognize and kill tumour cells,–. These strategies are limited by the emergence of …

Lung-infiltrating macrophages create a marked inflammatory milieu in a subset of patients
with COVID-19 by producing a cytokine storm, which correlates with increased lethality …

Tissue-resident macrophage populations constitute a mosaic of phenotypes, yet how their
metabolic states link to the range of phenotypes and functions in vivo is still poorly defined …

The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against invading pathogens;
however, dysregulated innate immune responses can induce aberrant inflammation that is …

Genetic lesions in X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) pre‐dispose humans to cell death–
associated inflammatory diseases, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear …

The COVID-19 pandemic was caused by the recently emerged β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
SARS-CoV-2 has had a catastrophic impact, resulting in nearly 7 million fatalities worldwide …

Current approaches to treating inflammatory bowel disease focus on the suppression of
overactive immune responses, the removal of reactive intestinal oxygen species, and …

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and
monkeypox virus (MPXV) severely threaten human health; however, currently, no vaccine …