The demise of cells in various ways enables the body to clear unwanted cells. Studies over
the years revealed distinctive molecular mechanisms and functional consequences of …

The ability of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) to interfere with d-glucose metabolism demonstrates
that nutrient and energy deprivation is an efficient tool to suppress cancer cell growth and …

Apoptosis, also named programmed cell death, is a fundament process required for
morphogenetic homeostasis during early development and in pathophysiological …

Autophagy is a critical cellular process that generally protects cells and organisms from
stressors such as nutrient deprivation. In addition to its role in normal physiology, autophagy …

There is significant evidence that, in living systems, free radicals and other reactive oxygen
and nitrogen species play a double role, because they can cause oxidative damage and …

The balance between cell death and survival is a critical parameter in the regulation of cells
and the maintenance of homeostasis in vivo. Three major mechanisms for cell death have …

As the fourth state of matter, plasma's unique properties and interactions with other states of
matter offer many promising opportunities for investigation and discovery. In particular, cold …

Blood production is ensured by rare, self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). How
HSCs accommodate the diverse cellular stresses associated with their life-long activity …

Bone remodeling is a tightly controlled mechanism in which osteoblasts (OB), the cells
responsible for bone formation, osteoclasts (OC), the cells specialized for bone resorption …

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, the major mechanism of protein function
regulation, play important roles in regulating a variety of cellular physiological and …