Despite decades of research on the physiological and psychological effects of the menstrual
cycle, studies have not sufficiently adopted consistent methods for operationalizing the …

Differential HPA axis function has been proposed to underlie sex-differences in mental
disorders; however, the impact of fluctuating sex hormones across the menstrual cycle on …

Psychological responses such as affect, mood, motivation, anxiety are important
considerations for exercise adherence. A large body of evidence indicates that exercise …

The menstrual cycle is characterized by predictable patterns of physiological change across
timescales. Although patterns of reproductive hormones across the menstrual cycle …

A recent meta-analysis revealed that cardiac vagal activity (mostly indicated by vagally-
mediated heart rate variability; HRV) decreases significantly from the follicular to luteal …

Low estradiol status is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We sought to
determine the association between heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of cardiovascular …

Sex disparities are evident in the biological response to acute stressors, with a suggested
influence of ovarian hormones on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis functioning …

Background Estrogen and progesterone are the primary female sex hormones and have net
excitatory and inhibitory effects, respectively, on neuronal function. Fluctuating …

BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests autonomic nervous system (ANS)
dysfunction may occur following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Measures of heart rate …

Objective The aims of the present study were twofold: 1) to examine the effects of a virtual
reality version of Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-VR) using a placebo as the control …