Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that leads to disability and affects
more than 500 million population worldwide. OA was believed to be caused by the wearing …

Myofibroblasts are the construction workers of wound healing and repair damaged tissues
by producing and organizing collagen/extracellular matrix (ECM) into scar tissue. Scar tissue …

Tissue engineering (TE) is critical in oral and craniofacial reconstruction. One of the most
popular topics on the biomaterial-based tissue regeneration process may be the interaction …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown origin
that usually results in death from secondary respiratory failure within 2–5 years of diagnosis …

In the past, wounds were treated with natural materials, but modern wound dressings
include functional elements to expedite the process of healing and to improve skin recovery …

Background With millions of victims worldwide, multiple sclerosis is the second most
common cause of disability among young adults. Although formidable advancements have …

Among the FGF proteins, the least characterized superfamily is the group of fibroblast growth
factor homologous factors (FHFs). To date, the main role of FHFs has been primarily seen in …

Metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids and protein degradation occurs in the liver and
contributes to the body's homeostasis by secreting a variety of mediators. Any imbalance in …

Abstract Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) endocytosis-dependent signalling drives cell
proliferation and motility during development and adult homeostasis, but is dysregulated in …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are paracrine or endocrine signaling proteins that, activated
by their ligands, elicit a wide range of health and disease-related processes, such as cell …