When extreme, anxiety can become debilitating. Anxiety disorders, which often first emerge
early in development, are common and challenging to treat, yet the underlying mechanisms …

Measurement of anxiety is desirable for the benefit of drug development and understanding
the brain function and mental well-being. Animal models offer the advantages of detailed …

Background Anxious personality characteristics form a risk factor for anxiety disorders. A
proposed mechanistic pathway is that anxious personality could lead to greater vulnerability …

Mitochondria are complex endosymbionts that evolved from primordial purple nonsulfur
bacteria. The incorporation of bacteria-derived mitochondria facilitates a more efficient and …

Fear and anxiety are largely seen as separate entities, a distinction that inspires and shapes
basic and clinical research. Evidence for this distinction has a rich translational base and …

Computational approaches are increasingly being used to model behavioral and neural
processes in mood and anxiety disorders. Here we explore the extent to which the …

Anxiety is a normal and transitory emotional state that allows the organisms to cope well with
the real or perceived threats, while excessive or prolonged anxiety is a key characteristic of …

Conditioned response (CRs) triggered by stimuli predicting aversive consequences have
been confirmed across various species including humans, and were found to be …

Anxiety has been linked to altered belief formation and uncertainty estimation, impacting
learning. Identifying the neural processes underlying these changes is important for …

Background This study investigated maladaptive cognitive schemas as mediators of the
relationship between co-rumination and anxiety. Methods Self-report measures of co …