HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies develop in most HIV-1-infected individuals, although highly
effective antibodies are generally observed only after years of chronic infection. Here, we …

Pandemic influenza viruses cause significant mortality in humans. In the 20th century, 3
influenza viruses caused major pandemics: the 1918 H1N1 virus, the 1957 H2N2 virus, and …

Several models have been proposed to relax the molecular clock in order to estimate
divergence times. However, it is unclear which model has the best fit to real data and should …

Studies of evolution at the molecular level have experienced phenomenal growth in the last
few decades, due to rapid accumulation of genetic sequence data, improved computer …

We introduce a conceptual bridge between the previously unlinked fields of phylogenetics
and mathematical spatial ecology, which enables the spatial parameters of an emerging …

West Nile virus (WNV) is the most widely distributed of the encephalitic flaviviruses and is a
major cause of encephalitis, with isolates obtained from all continents, apart from Antarctica …

The ongoing global spread of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV; Genus Begomovirus,
Family Geminiviridae) represents a serious looming threat to tomato production in all …

Compositional heterogeneity among lineages can compromise phylogenetic analyses,
because models in common use assume compositionally homogeneous data. Models that …

The spatial spread of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 and its long-term
persistence in Asia have resulted in avian influenza panzootics and enormous economic …

Double-stranded (ds) DNA viruses are often described as evolving through long-term
codivergent associations with their hosts, a pattern that is expected to be associated with low …