The primary female sex hormones, estrogens, are responsible for the control of functions of
the female reproductive system, as well as the development of secondary sexual …

Carotenoids are lipophilic isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic
organisms and some non-photosynthetic prokaryotes and fungi. With some notable …

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate numerous
physiological processes such as metabolism, reproduction, inflammation, as well as the …

Background: A recent review by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
updated the assessments of the> 100 agents classified as Group 1, carcinogenic to humans …

The existence of orderly structures, such as tissues and organs is made possible by cell
adhesion, ie, the process by which cells attach to neighbouring cells and a supporting …

Hormones produced by glands in the endocrine system and neurotransmitters produced by
the nervous system control many bodily functions. The concentrations of these molecules in …

Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum
of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic …

Nineteen years have passed since our previous review in this journal in 1999 regarding
estrogen receptors. At that time, we described the current assessments of the physiological …

Dietary intake and tissue levels of carotenoids have been associated with a reduced risk of
several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, brain …

The active metabolite of vitamin D, 1α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1, 25 (OH) 2D3], is involved
in calcium and phosphate metabolism and exerts a large number of biological effects …