Individuals of virtually all vertebrate species are exposed to annual fluctuations in the
deterioration and renewal of their environments. As such, organisms have evolved to restrict …

Aggression is a well-studied social behavior that is universally exhibited by animals across a
wide range of contexts. Prevailing knowledge suggests gonadal steroids primarily mediate …

Sex is ubiquitous and variable throughout the animal kingdom. Historically, scientists have
used reductionist methodologies that rely on a priori sex categorizations, in which two …

Fish social behavior can be affected by artificial environments, particularly by factors that act
upon species that show aggressive behavior to set social rank hierarchy. Although …

Summary The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has precipitated an unprecedented and …

Like Darwin's tangled bank of biodiversity, the endocrine mechanisms that give rise to
phenotypic diversity also exhibit nearly endless forms. This tangled bank of mechanistic …

Aggressive behaviors occurring dissociated from the breeding season encourage the
search of non-gonadal underlying regulatory mechanisms. Brain estrogen has been shown …

Seasonally breeding animals undergo shifts in physiology and behavior in response to
changes in photoperiod (day length). Interestingly, some species, such as Siberian hamsters …

Many animals display marked changes in physiology and behavior on a seasonal timescale,
including non-reproductive social behaviors (eg, aggression). Previous studies from our lab …

Exploration into the biological bases of aggression has demonstrated the existence of many
forms of aggression. Here we investigate the neuroendocrine bases of these types of …