The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and
hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy …

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play critical antitumor roles, encompassing diverse subsets
including CD4+, NK, and γδ T cells beyond conventional CD8+ CTLs. However, definitive …

Adoptive cellular immunotherapy as a new paradigm to treat cancers is exemplified by the
FDA approval of six chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapies targeting hematological …

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration,
extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) dysfunction …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the transcription factor FoxP3 are essential for
maintaining immunological balance and are a significant component of the …

Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring hair loss disorder caused by autoimmunity. The
immune collapse of the hair follicle, where interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and CD8+ T cells …

During pregnancy, the maternal immune system must allow and support the growth of the
developing placenta while maintaining the integrity of the mother's body. The trophoblast's …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been successfully used in adoptive cell
therapy for malignancies. However, some obstacles, including side effects such as graft …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained considerable scientific attention by playing a
role in immunosuppression and tumorigenesis. Besides tumor cells, TME is composed of …

Glioblastoma is the most common brain malignancy with devastating prognosis. Numerous
clinical trials using various target therapeutic agents have failed and recent clinical trials …