Preclinical studies of the T cell growth factor activity of IL-2 resulted in this cytokine
becoming the first immunotherapy to be approved nearly 30 years ago by the US Food and …

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by the loss of bone mass
and increased bone fracture risk largely resulting from significantly reduced levels of the …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a respiratory disorder caused by the
highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The …

Background and Aims Recently, clinical trials of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab in HCC have
displayed an impressive objective response rate. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism …

CD8+ T cell exhaustion dampens antitumor immunity. Although several transcription factors
have been identified that regulate T cell exhaustion, the molecular mechanisms by which …

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that provide critical host defense against
pathogens and cancer. Originally heralded for their early and rapid effector activity, NK cells …

Vaccination affords protection from disease by activating pathogen-specific immune cells
and facilitating the development of persistent immunologic memory toward the vaccine …

Expression of CCR5 and its cognate ligands have been implicated in COVID-19
pathogenesis, consequently therapeutics directed against CCR5 are being investigated …

Balanced immunity is pivotal for health and homeostasis. CD4+ helper T (Th) cells are
central to the balance between immune tolerance and immune rejection. Th cells adopt …

Protein kinases play a major role in cellular activation processes, including signal
transduction by diverse immunoreceptors. Given their roles in cell growth and death and in …