Electrical stimulation (EStim) has been shown to promote bone healing and regeneration
both in animal experiments and clinical treatments. Therefore, incorporating EStim into …

Cancers are complex and heterogeneous pathological “organs” in a dynamic interplay with
their host. Models of human cancer in vitro, used in cancer biology and drug discovery, are …

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex cellular environment consisting of proteins,
proteoglycans, and other soluble molecules. ECM provides structural support to mammalian …

The past three decades have seen the emergence of an endeavor called tissue engineering
and regenerative medicine in which scientists, engineers, and physicians apply tools from a …

Exosomes are defined as submicron (30–150 nm), lipid bilayer-enclosed extracellular
vesicles (EVs), specifically generated by the late endosomal compartment through fusion of …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted tremendous research interest due to their
ability to repair tissues and reduce inflammation when implanted into a damaged or …

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem
cells, constitute an extremely attractive tool for cell therapy. However, flexible platforms for …

An increasing demand for directed assembly of biomaterials has inspired the development
of bioprinting, which facilitates the assembling of both cellular and acellular inks into well …

Advances in stem cell biology have afforded promising results for the generation of various
cell types for therapies against devastating diseases. However, a prerequisite for realizing …

Anchorage-dependent cells are of great interest for various biotechnological applications.(i)
They represent a formidable production means of viruses for vaccination purposes at very …