Expiratory flow limitation is the pathophysiologic hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), but dyspnea (breathlessness) is its most prominent and distressing …

The FEV1 is widely used by physicians in the diagnosis, staging, treatment, monitoring and
establishing prognosis for patients with COPD. The MCID is the smallest difference which …

Static lung hyperinflation has important clinical consequences in patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease. We analyzed the power of lung hyperinflation as measured …

Rationale: Budesonide/formoterol and tiotropium are commonly used maintenance
treatments for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Combining these …

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is an established method for evaluating dyspnea
and ventilatory abnormalities. Ventilatory reserve is typically assessed as the ratio of peak …

Background The combination of short-acting β 2-agonists and anticholinergics in the
treatment of COPD has been well documented, but data on combination of long-acting …

Despite the passionate debate over the use of β2‐adrenoceptor agonists in the treatment of
airway disorders, these agents are still central in the symptomatic management of asthma …

Background: Breathing techniques are included in the rehabilitation program of patients with
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The efficacy of breathing techniques aiming …

Decreasing the frequency and severity of exacerbations is one of the main goals of
treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Several studies have …

COPD is a preventable and treatable disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not
fully reversible. The diagnosis of COPD is based on spirometric evidence of airways …