Minocycline is a second‐generation, semi‐synthetic tetracycline that has been in therapeutic
use for over 30 years because of its antibiotic properties against both gram‐positive and …

Glia plays a crucial role in the maintenance of neuronal homeostasis in the central nervous
system. The microglial production of immune factors is believed to play an important role in …

Microglial cells are responsible for immune surveillance within the CNS. They respond to
noxious stimuli by releasing inflammatory mediators and mounting an effective inflammatory …

Vastly stimulated by the discovery of opioid receptors in the early 1970s, preclinical and
clinical research was directed at the study of stereoselective neuronal actions of opioids …

Although activated spinal cord glia contribute importantly to neuropathic pain, how nerve
injury activates glia remains controversial. It has recently been proposed, on the basis of …

Glial activation participates in the mediation of pain including neuropathic pain, due to
release of neuroexcitatory, proinflammatory products. Glial activation is now known to occur …

This review will introduce the concept of toll-like receptor (TLR)–mediated glial activation as
central to all of the following: neuropathic pain, compromised acute opioid analgesia, and …

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a dose-limiting neurotoxic effect of
chemotherapy, is the most common reason for early cessation of cancer treatment. This can …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Minocycline, a second generation broad‐spectrum antibiotic, has been frequently postulated
to be a “microglia inhibitor.” A considerable number of publications have used minocycline …