Increasing evidence has indicated that activated glial cells releasing nociceptive factors,
such as interleukins and chemokines, are of key importance for neuropathic pain. Significant …

Neuropathic pain represents a significant clinical problem because it is a chronic condition
often refractory to available therapy. Therefore, there is still a strong need for new …

Parental history of opioid exposure is seldom considered when prescribing opioids for pain
relief. To explore whether parental opioid exposure may affect sensitivity to morphine in …

Background The pro-nociceptive kinin B 1 receptor (B 1 R) is upregulated on sensory C-
fibres, astrocytes and microglia in the spinal cord of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rat. This …

Neuropathic pain is an intractable clinical problem, affecting millions of people worldwide.
Preemptive administration of minocycline has been confirmed useful for treating neuropathic …

The analgesic effect of delta-opioid receptor (DOR) ligands in neuropathic pain is not
diminished in contrast to other opioid receptor ligands, which lose their effectiveness as …

Nerve injury and the consequent release of interleukins (ILs) are processes implicated in
pain transmission. To study the potential role of IL-1 in the pathogenesis of allodynia and …

Background: The administration of µ-opioid receptors (MOR) and δ-opioid receptors (DOR)
as well as cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2R) agonists attenuates neuropathic pain. We …

Current investigations underline the important roles of C–C motif ligands in the development
of neuropathic pain; however, their participation in diabetic neuropathy is still undefined …

Neuropathic pain is a debilitating form of treatment resistant chronic pain and responds
poorly to the clinically available therapies. Studies from animal models of neuropathic pain …