Over the last two decades, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an endogenous
regulator of a broad range of physiological functions. H2S belongs to the class of molecules …

This article summarizes anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and brain
imaging studies in humans and animals that have provided insights into the neural circuitry …

Micturition, or urination, occurs involuntarily in infants and young children until the age of 3
to 5 years, after which it is regulated voluntarily. The neural circuitry that controls this process …

Abstract Context The first European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on
incontinence were published in 2001. These guidelines were periodically updated in the …

The detrusor smooth muscle is the main muscle component of the urinary bladder wall. Its
ability to contract over a large length interval and to relax determines the bladder function …

Until recently, erectile dysfunction (ED) was treated by either sexual counseling or penile
prosthesis implantation. The advent of intracavernous and transurethral agents has …

Erection is basically a spinal reflex that can be initiated by recruitment of penile afferents,
both autonomic and somatic, and supraspinal influences from visual, olfactory, and …

The use of plant or plant‐based products to stimulate sexual desire and to enhance
performance and enjoyment is almost as old as the human race itself. The present paper …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results not only in motor and sensory deficits but also in autonomic
dysfunctions. The disruption of connections between higher brain centers and the spinal …

OBJECTIVES: The functions of the lower urinary tract (LUT) to store and periodically release
urine are dependent on neural circuits in the brain and spinal cord. This paper reviews the …