COVID-19 is a highly heterogeneous and complex medical disorder; indeed, severe COVID-
19 is probably amongst the most complex of medical conditions known to medical science …

Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) results in
diverse outcomes. The symptoms appear to be more severe in males older than 65 and …

Respiratory, circulatory, and renal failure are among the gravest features of COVID-19 and
are associated with a very high mortality rate. A common denominator of all affected organs …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has pivotal roles in the regulation of normal physiology
and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 …

The last decade has seen the discovery of several new components of the renin-angiotensin
system (RAS). Among them, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and the Mas receptor …

Uncontrolled severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection is
closely related to disorders of the innate immune and delayed adaptive immune systems …

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that up-regulation of the angiotensin (Ang)-
converting enzyme (ACE)/AngII/AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis aggravates pulmonary …

Further research on the contribution of the Ang-(1–7)/ACE2/Mas axis to cardiovascular
pathology will lead to the development of new pharmacological approaches resulting in the …

Activation of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system induces inflammation via interaction
between Ang II and type 1 receptor on leukocytes. The relevance of the new arm of the renin …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiotensin‐(1–7)[Ang‐(1–7)] has anti‐inflammatory
effects in models of cardiovascular disease and arthritis, but its effects in asthma are …