Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles newly formed during autophagy to engulf
a wide range of intracellular material and transport this autophagic cargo to lysosomes (or …

The autophagic pathway involves the encapsulation of substrates in double-membraned
vesicles, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for enzymatic degradation and …

Autophagy is a catabolic process for unnecessary or dysfunctional cytoplasmic contents by
lysosomal degradation pathways. Autophagy is implicated in various biological processes …

Loss of muscle proteins is a deleterious consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that
causes a decrease in muscle strength and function, and can lead to a reduction in quality of …

Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and for cells to adapt to
nutrient deficiency, and nutrient sensors regulating autophagy have been reported …

Microglial phagocytosis of apoptotic debris prevents buildup damage of neighbor neurons
and inflammatory responses. Whereas microglia are very competent phagocytes under …

The protein Klotho can significantly delay aging, so it has attracted widespread attention.
Abnormal downregulation of Klotho has been detected in several aging-related diseases …

Autophagy is a ubiquitous homeostatic mechanism for the degradation or turnover of cellular
components. Degradation of mitochondria via autophagy (mitophagy) is involved in a …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, and it
is characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra …

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease consisting of different biological subtypes, with
differences in terms of incidence, response to diverse treatments, risk of disease …