Normal cells explore multiple states to survive stresses encountered during development
and self-renewal as well as environmental stresses such as starvation, DNA damage, toxins …

Cancer is currently the second leading cause of death globally and is expected to be
responsible for approximately 9.6 million deaths in 2018. With an unprecedented …

The high frequency of activating RAS or BRAF mutations in cancer provides strong rationale
for targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Selective BRAF and …

Heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that is exploited by
malignant cells to support activated oncoproteins, including many cancer-associated …

Purpose: PD-L1 is the main ligand for the immune inhibitory receptor PD-1. This ligand is
frequently expressed by melanoma cells. In this study, we investigated whether PD-L1 …

Molecular characterization of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) marked an historical
turning point for the treatment of lung tumors harboring kinase alterations suitable for …

Cancer cells can activate diverse signaling pathways to evade the cytotoxic action of drugs.
We created and screened a library of barcoded pathway-activating mutant complementary …

Despite advances in treatment and surveillance, melanoma continues to claim
approximately 9,000 lives in the US annually (SEER 2013). The National Comprehensive …

Vemurafenib/PLX4032, a selective inhibitor of mutant BRAFV600E, constitutes a paradigm
shift in melanoma therapy. Unfortunately, acquired resistance, which unavoidably occurs …

Aberrant activation of the three-layered protein kinase cascade, Raf/MEK/ERK, is often
detected in human cancer, which is mainly attributed to the oncogenic alterations of RAF, or …