Retrograde signaling, defined as the signaling events leading from the plastids to the
nucleus, coordinates the expression of plastid and nuclear genes and is crucial for …

BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only cytotoxic compounds leading
to oxidative damage, but also signaling molecules for regulating plant responses to stress …

Glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) are key enzymes of the antioxidant network in plants. In this
study, we show that mutations in the Arabidopsis thaliana GPX7 gene result in increased …

DNA and machinery for gene expression have been discovered in chloroplasts during the
1960s. It was soon evident that the chloroplast genome is relatively small, that most genes …

Plastids sustain life on this planet by providing food, feed, essential biomolecules and
oxygen. Such diverse metabolic and biosynthetic functions require efficient communication …

The availability and intensity of sunlight are among the major factors of growth, development
and metabolism in plants. However, excessive illumination disrupts the electronic balance of …

The changing global climate have given rise to abiotic stresses that adversely affect the
metabolic activities of plants, limit their growth, and agricultural output posing a serious …

Genetic and physiological studies have revealed evidences for multiple signaling pathways
by which the plastid exerts retrograde control over photosynthesis-associated-nuclear …

Considering the high incidence of white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a variety
of field crops and vegetables, different control strategies are needed to keep the disease …

On a global scale, drought, salinity, extreme temperature, and other abiotic stressors
severely limit the quality and yield of crops. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the adaptation …