The endothelium is a single layer of epithelium covering the surface of the vascular system,
and it represents a physical barrier between the blood and vessel wall that plays an …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in cells during metabolic processes.
Excessive intracellular ROS may react with large biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA …

Increasing numbers of individuals suffer from neurodegenerative diseases, which are
characterized by progressive loss of neurons. Oxidative stress, in particular, the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are bioproducts of cellular metabolism. There is a range of
molecules with oxidizing properties known as ROS. Despite those molecules being implied …

As reperfusion therapies have become more widely used in acute myocardial infarction
patients, ischemia-induced myocardial damage has been markedly reduced, but reperfusion …

Mitochondrial damage is a critical contributor to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms, a series of adaptive responses that …

Zinc and cellular oxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) each participate in a
multitude of physiological functions. There is considerable overlap between the affected …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive molecule, generated through metabolism of L-arginine
by NO synthase (NOS). Abnormal NO levels in mammalian cells are associated with multiple …

Chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke is a prominent cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) and provides an important source of exogenous oxidants. In addition …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease
(ESRD), and the prevalence of DKD has increased worldwide during recent years. DKD is …