AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of energy balance expressed
ubiquitously in eukaryotic cells. Here we review the canonical adenine nucleotide …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance (IR);
however, a large variety of association and intervention studies as well as genetic …

Diabetes affects a large population of the world. Lifestyle, obesity, dietary habits, and genetic
factors contribute to this metabolic disease. A target pathway to control diabetes is the 5 …

NAD+ is a fundamental molecule in metabolism and redox signaling. In diabetes and its
complications, the balance between NADH and NAD+ can be severely perturbed. On one …

Living cells obtain energy either by oxidizing reduced compounds of organic or mineral
origin or by absorbing light. Whichever energy source is used, some of the energy released …

Arctigenin (ATG) is a major component of Fructus Arctii, a traditional herbal remedy that
reduced proteinuria in diabetic patients. However, whether ATG specifically provides …

Objective Obeticholic acid (OCA) has been proved to play potential therapeutic effect on
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Up to now, the study of OCA on NLRP3 inflammasome …

The adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway
arose early during evolution of eukaryotic cells, when it appears to have been involved in …

Foam cell formation and further accumulation in the subendothelial space of the vascular
wall is a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions. Targeting foam cell formation in the …

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) acts as a cellular energy sensor. Once switched
on by increases in cellular AMP: ATP ratios, it acts to restore energy homeostasis by …