Spatial hearing, and more specifically the ability to localize sounds in space, is one of the
most studied and best understood aspects of hearing. Because there is no coding of …

“Neural coding” is a popular metaphor in neuroscience, where objective properties of the
world are communicated to the brain in the form of spikes. Here I argue that this metaphor is …

The calyx of Held is the preeminent model for the study of synaptic function in the
mammalian CNS. Despite much work on the synapse and associated circuit, its role in …

Principal neurons (PNs) of the lateral superior olive nucleus (LSO) in the brainstem of
mammals compare information between the two ears and enable sound localization on the …

Many mammals, including humans, are exquisitely sensitive to tiny time differences between
sounds at the two ears. These interaural time differences are an important source of …

The trapezoid body (TB) contains axons of neurons residing in the anteroventral cochlear
nucleus (AVCN) that provide excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the main monaural and …

Key points Kv3. 1 and Kv3. 3 subunits are highly expressed in the auditory brainstem, with
little or no mRNA for Kv3. 2 or Kv3. 4. Changes in Kv3 currents and action potential (AP) …

The main impairment associated with single-sided deafness (SSD) is the loss of binaural
hearing. Currently, the most effective treatment to compensate for this deficit is to supply …

Auditory brainstem neurons in the lateral superior olive (LSO) receive excitatory input from
the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus (CN) and inhibitory transmission from the contralateral CN …

Bushy cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus are time-coding neurons. They receive
axosomatic synaptic terminals from the auditory nerve, the so-called endbulb of Held …