Glucose is the long-established, obligatory fuel for brain that fulfills many critical functions,
including ATP production, oxidative stress management, and synthesis of neurotransmitters …

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are typically thought of as proteins that bind RNA through one
or multiple globular RNA-binding domains (RBDs) and change the fate or function of the …

Bulk gold (Au) is known to be chemically inactive. However, when the size of Au
nanoparticles (Au NPs) decreases to close to 1 nm or sub-nanometer dimensions, these …

Gene transcription and cell metabolism are two fundamental biological processes that
mutually regulate each other. Upregulated or altered expression of glucose metabolic genes …

A" switch" from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of T
cell activation and is thought to be required to meet the metabolic demands of proliferation …

Background Naïve lymphocytes circulate in the body in a resting state, but upon recognition
of foreign antigen and receipt of proper costimulatory signals, these cells become activated …

Studies of immune system metabolism (" immunometabolism") segregate along two paths.
The first investigates the effects of immune cells on organs that regulate whole-body …

The rediscovery and reinterpretation of the Warburg effect in the year 2000 occulted for
almost a decade the key functions exerted by mitochondria in cancer cells. Until recent …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biological nanoparticles with important roles in intercellular
communication, and potential as drug delivery vehicles. Here we demonstrate a role for the …

How cells sense and respond to environmental cues remains a central question of biological
research. Recent evidence suggests that DNA transcription is regulated by chromatin …