Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
amongst civilians and military personnel globally. Despite advances in our knowledge of the …

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid critical for protein synthesis in humans that has
emerged as a key player in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It is the only precursor for the …

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis mainly affecting the cheeks, nose, chin, and
forehead. Rosacea is characterized by recurrent episodes of flushing or transient erythema …

Diabetic retinopathy is a common complication of diabetes and remains the leading cause of
blindness among the working-age population. For decades, diabetic retinopathy was …

The retina is a complex tissue with multiple cell layers that are highly ordered. Its
sophisticated structure makes it especially sensitive to external or internal perturbations that …

Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota is critical in the maintenance of
physiological homeostasis. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that dysbiosis in …

Interest in excitotoxicity expanded following its implication in the pathogenesis of ischemic
brain injury in the 1980s, but waned subsequent to the failure of N-methyl-D-aspartate …

The tetracycline antibiotic class has acquired new valuable members due to the optimisation
of the chemical structure. The first modern tetracycline introduced into therapy was …

Microglia have a variety of functions in the brain, including synaptic pruning, CNS repair and
mediating the immune response against peripheral infection. Microglia rapidly become …

Objective The intestinal microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis. Altered
microbiota composition has been demonstrated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) …