Background Most patients with perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (pfCD) present with
complex types of perianal fistulas and need repetitive repair operations, resulting in a high …

Fistula laser closure (FiLaC) is a relatively new sphincter-sparing technique in fistula surgery
that was initially reported in 2011. It involves the radial dissipation of laser energy in the …

Surgery for benign anal conditions is a common practice and is usually followed by a good
outcome. The present review aimed to summarize the emergence and evolution of different …

Different types of lasers have been applied for various proctological conditions. We discuss
about published articles regarding the application of lasers, with concern about evidence …

Background The internal orifice plays an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of
the most complex fistula-in-ano. The treatment of the internal orifice is considered to be the …

Aim Treatment of complex fistula‐in‐ano is challenging and there is no consensus on the
optimal treatment that can provide complete healing and preserve sphincter function. The …

carries a risk of incontinence and recurrence. The ultimate goal of fistula management is to
resolve and prevent sepsis, eradicate the fistula, prevent recurrence, and ensure …

Background: Fistula-in-ano treatment has remained quite challenging with high failure rates
and a potential for damage to the anal sphincteric complex leading to flatal or faecal …

Purpose Invasive surgical management of cryptoglandular perianal fistulas (PF) is
challenging because of high recurrence rates and the potential for injury to the sphincter …

Background Surgical management of perianal fistula (PF) is complicated by a high rate of
recurrence and risk of damage to the sphincter complex. Advances in surgical techniques …