The liver is a critical system for metabolism in human beings, which plays an essential role
in an abundance of physiological processes and is vulnerable to endogenous or exogenous …

Internal organs fibrosis (IOF) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most chronic
inflammatory diseases, which is responsible for 45% of deaths due to disease. However …

Purpose Cholestatic liver diseases are groups of hepatobiliary diseases without curative
drug-based therapy options. Regulation of bile acid (BA) metabolism, hepatoperiductal …

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a clinically challenging malignant tumor worldwide.
As a natural product and sesquiterpene lactone, Costunolide (CTD) has been reported to …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Aucklandiae Radix (AR) and Vladimiriae Radix
(VR), as commonly used traditional Chinese herbal medicine, were widely used in the …

Liver fibrosis is end-stage liver disease that can be rescued. If irritation continues due to viral
infection, schistosomiasis and alcoholism, liver fibrosis can progress to liver cirrhosis and …

Background Cholestasis is characterized by accumulation of bile components in liver and
systemic circulation. Restoration of bile acid homeostasis via activating farnesoid x receptor …

Novel treatments for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are highly demanded due to the limitations
of existing therapeutic agents. Costunolide is a promising candidate due to its anti …

Oral cancer (OC) has been attracted research attention in recent years as result of its high
morbidity and mortality. Costunolide (CTD) possesses potential anticancer and bioactive …

Costunolide, a natural sesquiterpene lactone, has multiple pharmacological activities such
as neuroprotection or induction of apoptosis and eryptosis. However, the effects of …