This article was withdrawn on October 15, 2020, at the request of the journal editors, with
agreement from the authors, owing to a substantial amount of unattributed or improperly …

Inhibition of immune checkpoint molecules, PD‐1 and CTLA 4, has been shown to be a
promising cancer treatment. PD‐1 and CTLA 4 inhibit TCR and co‐stimulatory signals. The …

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise
for regenerative medicine, disease treatment, and organ transplantation. As the ethical issue …

Diabetic retinopathy is a multifactorial disease, and the exact mechanism of its pathogenesis
remains obscure. Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a multifunctional deacetylase, is implicated in the …

At preterm birth, the retina is incompletely vascularized. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is
initiated by the postnatal suppression of physiological retinal vascular development that …

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinopathy characterized by retinal
neovascularization (RNV) occurring in preterm infants treated with high concentrations of …

Pathological neovessels growing into the normally avascular photoreceptors cause vision
loss in many eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and macular …

Angiogenesis is a major pathologic characteristic of glioblastoma, which is one aggressive
primary brain tumor. MicroRNA‐221/222 (miR‐221/222) cluster has been previously …

Hyperglycemia is closely associated with prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Hyperglycemia increases the risk of vascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy …

The eye is an immune privileged tissue that insulates the visual system from local and
systemic immune provocation to preserve homeostatic functions of highly specialized retinal …