The human body is full of an extensive number of commensal microbes, consisting of
bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the human microbiome. The initial …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease
worldwide, and its treatment remains a big challenge. The pathogenesis of PD may be …

Increasing evidence points to biological sex as an important factor in the development and
phenotypical expression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Risk of developing PD is twice as high …

Neuroinflammation is considered as a detrimental factor in neurodegenerative diseases,
including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD) …

Parkinson's disease is a common movement disorder seen in neurological practice, but the
diagnosis and management is challenging. The diagnosis is clinical and sometimes difficult …

Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) remains to be one of the biggest burdens on healthcare
systems and serves as a leading cause of disability and death. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is …

The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well understood but likely to involve both
genetic and environmental factors. Incidence and prevalence estimates vary to a large …

Several neurological conditions are associated with sex differences in prevalence or
outcome. For example, autism predominantly affects boys, depression is more common in …

Parkinson disease is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2–
3% of the population≥ 65 years of age. Neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, which causes …

Parkinson's disease (PD) displays a greater prevalence and earlier age at onset in men.
This review addresses the concept that sex differences in PD are determined, largely, by …