Background Fine particulate matter< 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2. 5) has known effects on
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, no study has quantified and compared the …

Particulate matter (PM) is a key indicator of air pollution brought into the air by a variety of
natural and human activities. As it can be suspended over long time and travel over long …

In 2004, the first American Heart Association scientific statement on “Air Pollution and
Cardiovascular Disease” concluded that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution …

This review is presented as a common foundation for scientists interested in nanoparticles,
their origin, activity, and biological toxicity. It is written with the goal of rationalizing and …

Efforts to understand and mitigate the health effects of particulate matter (PM) air pollution
have a rich and interesting history. This review focuses on six substantial lines of research …

Air pollution has been considered a hazard to human health. In the past decades, many
studies highlighted the role of ambient airborne particulate matter (PM) as an important …

Oxidative stress occurs when the production of potentially destructive reactive oxygen
species (ROS) exceeds the bodies own natural antioxidant defenses, resulting in cellular …

Indoor air quality is directly influenced by indoor PM 2.5. Short-term and long-term exposure
of PM 2.5 in the micro environment would severely detriment the health of both humans and …

Air pollution is a heterogeneous mixture of gases, liquids and PM (particulate matter). In the
modern urban world, PM is principally derived from fossil fuel combustion with individual …

Combustion emissions account for over half of the fine particle (PM2. 5) air pollution and
most of the primary particulate organic matter. Human exposure to combustion emissions …