Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are building blocks for all life-forms. We review here
the fundamentals of BCAA metabolism in mammalian physiology. Decades of studies have …

In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of nutrient-induced
insulin secretion that challenge a key aspect of the" canonical" model, in which an oxidative …

It is hypothesized that glucokinase (GCK) is the glucose sensor not only for regulation of
insulin release by pancreatic β-cells, but also for the rest of the cells that contribute to …

Cancer cells display an altered metabolic circuitry that is directly regulated by oncogenic
mutations and loss of tumor suppressors. Mounting evidence indicates that altered …

An understanding of metabolic pathways based solely on biochemistry textbooks would
underestimate the pervasive role of metabolism in essentially every aspect of biology. It is …

Mitochondria are membrane-enclosed organelles with endosymbiotic origins, harboring
independent genomes and a unique biochemical reaction network. To perform their critical …

The urea cycle is a metabolic pathway for the disposal of excess nitrogen, which arises
primarily as ammonia. Nitrogen is essential for growth and life-maintenance, but excessive …

Sir2 is an NAD-dependent deacetylase that connects metabolism with longevity in yeast,
worms and flies. Mammals contain seven homologs of yeast Sir2, SIRT1–7. Here, we review …

Sir2 is an NAD-dependent deacetylase that connects metabolism with longevity in yeast,
flies, and worms. Mammals have seven Sir2 homologs (SIRT1–7). We show that SIRT4 is a …

Glutamate is one of the most abundant of the amino acids. In addition to its role in protein
structure, it plays critical roles in nutrition, metabolism and signaling. Post-translational …