Three-dimensional (3D) printing is well acknowledged to constitute an important technology
in tissue engineering, largely due to the increasing global demand for organ replacement …

The bone tissue engineering approach for treating large bone defects becomes necessary
when the tissue damage surpasses the threshold of the inherent regenerative ability of the …

Simple Summary It was found that long-established tumor-derived cell lines do not
adequately reproduce drug sensitivity and behavior of a real human cancers. Therefore …

Articular cartilage is a highly organized tissue that provides remarkable load-bearing and
low friction properties, allowing for smooth movement of diarthrodial joints; however, due to …

The biomechanical properties of the brain microenvironment, which is composed of different
neural cell types, the extracellular matrix, and blood vessels, are critical for normal brain …

In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers, cell-
free therapeutic agents, and drug delivery carriers. Despite their great clinical potential, poor …

Damage caused by disease or trauma often leads to multi-tissue damage which is both
painful and expensive for the patient. Despite the common occurrence of such injuries …

Vitronectin (VTN), a multifunctional glycoprotein with various physiological functions, exists
in plasma and the extracellular matrix. It is known to be involved in the cell attachment …

Micropatterned suspension culture creates consistently sized and shaped cell aggregates
but has not produced organotypic structures from stable cells, thus restricting its use in …

Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, has made incredible steps over the last 30 years and
is now being widely used for healthcare applications. There has been increasing research …