Owing to the conceptual complexity of functional diversity (FD), a multitude of different
methods are available for measuring it, with most being operational at only a small range of …

Lichens occur in most terrestrial ecosystems; they are often present as minor contributors,
but in some forests, drylands and tundras they can make up most of the ground layer …

According to the stress gradient hypothesis (SGH), ecological interactions between
organisms shift positively as environmental stress increases. In the case of associational …

The functional structure of plant communities can be altered by grazing through two main
mechanisms: species turnover (ie changes in species occurrence and relative abundance) …

Both intra‐and interspecific differences in traits may modulate interactions between plants.
Two mechanisms are hypothesized to regulate these effects: competitive hierarchies and …

Across environmental gradients, community‐level functional traits of plants can change due
to species turnover, intraspecific variation and their covariation. Studies on vascular plants …

Abstract Background and Aims In tundra systems, soil-borne lichens are often the dominant
groundcover organisms, and act to buffer microclimate extremes within or at the surface of …

Trait analysis aims to understand relationships between traits, species diversity, and the
environment. Current methods could benefit from a model‐based probabilistic framework …

We propose that a qualitative trait approach based on more detailed nuanced traits may
reveal previously overlooked patterns, especially when combined with phylogenetic …

Abstract Background and Aims Understanding impacts of altered disturbance regimes on
community structure and function is a key goal for community ecology. Functional traits link …