A reciprocal relationship exists between persistent pain and negative affective states such
as fear, anxiety, and depression. Accumulating evidence points to the amygdala as an …

Emotional–affective and cognitive dimensions of pain are less well understood than
nociceptive and nocifensive components, but the forebrain is believed to play an important …

Recent biochemical and behavioral data suggest right-hemispheric lateralization of
amygdala functions in pain. Our previous electrophysiological studies showed pain-related …

Pain and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are highly comorbid conditions. Patients
with chronic pain have higher rates of PTSD. Likewise, patients with PTSD are often …

A major site of extrahypothalamic expression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and its
G-protein-coupled CRF1 and CRF2 receptors is the amygdala, a key player in emotions and …

Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor CRF1 has been implicated in the neurobiological
mechanisms of anxiety and depression. The amygdala plays an important role in affective …

The laterocapsular division of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeLC) has emerged as
an important site of pain-related plasticity and pain modulation. Glutamate and neuropeptide …

As a hormone in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis corticotropin-
releasing factor (CRF) mediates stress responses. CRF can also act as a neuromodulator of …

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is not only a stress hormone but also acts as a
neuromodulator outside the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, playing an important …

The goal of the present study was to identify nuclei of the amygdala in which opioid-sensitive
systems can act to recruit nociceptive modulatory circuitry in the rostral ventromedial …