Neuropeptides are found in many mammalian CNS neurons where they play key roles in
modulating neuronal activity. In contrast to amino acid transmitter release at the synapse …

Colocalization of small-molecule and neuropeptide transmitters is common throughout the
nervous system of all animals. The resulting co-transmission, which provides conjoint …

Efforts are ongoing to map synaptic wiring diagrams, or connectomes, to understand the
neural basis of brain function. However, chemical synapses represent only one type of …

Nervous systems process information by integrating the electrical activity of neurons in
complex networks. This motivates the long-standing interest in using optical methods to …

Background Imbalances in amount and timing of sleep are harmful to physical and mental
health. Therefore, the study of the underlying mechanisms is of great biological importance …

Neuropeptides modulate neural circuits controlling adaptive animal behaviors and
physiological processes, such as feeding/metabolism, reproductive behaviors, circadian …

It is now accepted that neurons contain and release multiple transmitter substances.
However, we still have only limited insight into the regulation and functional effects of this co …

Light is the most important Zeitgeber for entraining animal activity rhythms to the 24-h day. In
all animals, the eyes are the main visual organs that are not only responsible for motion and …

Feeding and sleep are fundamental behaviours with significant interconnections and cross-
modulations. The circadian system and peptidergic signals are important components of this …

Little is known about how animals integrate multiple sensory inputs in natural environments
to balance avoidance of danger with approach to things of value. Furthermore, the …