Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of death by cancer worldwide.
Despite developments in therapeutic approaches for the past few decades, the 5-year …

Solid cancers comprise a large number of new cases and deaths from cancer each year
globally. There are a number of strategies for addressing tumors raised from solid organs …

Traditionally, vaccines have helped eradication of several infectious diseases and also
saved millions of lives in the human history. Those prophylactic vaccines have acted through …

Hypoxia is a known feature of solid tumors and a critical promoter of tumor hallmarks.
Hypoxia influences tumor immunity in a way favoring immune evasion and resistance …

Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multi-tasking cytokine that represents high activity in patients
with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and cancer. High …

Today, it is well-known that the interactions and secretion within the tumour are crucial to
consider for cancer therapy. Some novel cancer therapy modalities such as immunotherapy …

Human endogenous retrovirus H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2 or B7-
H7) is a newly discovered B7 family member. HHLA2 is aberrantly expressed in solid tumors …

Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a common predicament in cancer
immunotherapy, which requires urgent interventions. V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor …

Extending the durability of response is the current focus in cancer immunotherapy with
immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, factors like non-immunogenic tumor …

Macrophages are the most abundant and one of the most critical cells of tumor immunity.
They provide a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity through releasing cytokines …