The nervous and immune systems control whole-body homeostasis and respond to various
types of tissue injury, including stroke, in a coordinated manner. Cerebral ischaemia and …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), constituted by an extensive network of endothelial cells (ECs)
together with neurons and glial cells, including microglia, forms the neurovascular unit …

Review on the time-dependent recruitment of inflammatory cells and unanswered questions
regarding inflammatory cells in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Inflammation plays …

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and other forms
of ischemic brain injury. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory response is a …

Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and a major cause of acquired
disability in adults. Despite tremendous progress in understanding the pathophysiology of …

For many years, the central nervous system (CNS) was considered to be 'immune
privileged', neither susceptible to nor contributing to inflammation. It is now appreciated that …

Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia remains the primary cause of acute neonatal brain injury,
leading to a high mortality rate and long-term neurological deficits, such as behavioral …

The role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as an immune mediator has long been appreciated
but its function in the brain is still unclear. TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) is expressed in most cell …

Recent works in the area of stroke and brain ischemia has demonstrated the significance of
the inflammatory response accompanying necrotic brain injury. Acutely, this response …

Retinal ischemia is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness. At the cellular
level, ischemic retinal injury consists of a self-reinforcing destructive cascade involving …